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Viajar en fast ferry: el AVE del mar


Una de las mejores cosas de la vida es tener la opción de elegir, incluso en las líneas marítimas. ¿Viajamos en ferry o en fast ferry? Bueno, depende del servicio que busquemos… En líneas de corta distancia Baleària opera tanto con ferries como con buques de alta velocidad para facilitar la conectividad entre territorios. Para hacernos una idea de las velocidades que desarrolla cada uno, los ferries navegan a una velocidad máxima de 23 nudos, esto es 42,5 kilómetros por hora, mientras que un catamarán cruza el mar a 32 nudos, que equivaldrían prácticamente a 60 kilómetros por hora, una velocidad más que notable en el medio marítimo. Esta diferencia de velocidades reduce una misma travesía a prácticamente la mitad de tiempo. Que unos buques son más rápidos que otros es evidente. Tan obvio que lo podemos comprobar a simple vista, pero ¿qué hace que un fast ferry lo sea? ¿dónde está la clave para que los catamaranes como el Jaume I, el Avemar Dos o el Pinar del Río desarrollen mayor velocidad que los ferries  Nápoles o Sicilia, el Abel Matutes o el Martin i Soler? Fast ferries : diseño, materiales y propulsión Todo es cuestión de diseño, de materiales...y de propulsión. Veamos: los primeros barcos comerciales de alta velocidad aparecen en Italia en los años 50, concretamente en el Lago Maggiore. Su nombre: Hydrofils o Hidroalas, que fueron desarrollándose a lo largo de las dos siguientes décadas construidos principalmente en los astilleros Rodriquez, los mismos en los que ya en el siglo XXI nacieron dos grandes monocascos de alta velocidad de Baleària: el recordado Federico García Lorca y el Ramon Llull, que en verano está destinado a unir directamente Dénia y Formentera con extensión a Eivissa, y en invierno navega entre Alcúdia y Ciutadella. [caption id="attachment_1881" align="aligncenter" width="800"] El fast ferry Ramon Llull de Baleària.[/caption] Los hidroalas funcionan mediante una fuerza que eleva el casco de la nave gracias a la sustentación generada por medio de un ala sumergida en el agua. A baja velocidad se comporta como un barco convencional, pero a medida que esta aumenta, la presión del agua bajo el ala, unida a la disminución de la presión que se forma sobre la misma genera una fuerza de sustentación opuesta al peso de la nave y una vez alcanzada cierta velocidad es suficiente para elevar completamente el casco sobre el agua. Hace años, este tipo de barcos fueron usados en Canarias y en las líneas del Estrecho, pero las características del clima de estas zonas hicieron más viable la operación de catamaranes de alta velocidad, que con los que se usan actualmente. Los hidroalas pueden verse aun en zonas como el golfo de Nápoles o en ríos de China, Vietnam o Rusia, en este caso con hydrofoils de un característico diseño soviético. La actual generación de fast ferries nació en los años 90 para sustituir a los antiguos hidroalas y los hovercraft. Los segundos eran embarcaciones movidas por hélices parecidas a los molinos o a las de los aviones montados en una estructura con base en un enorme colchón de aire y que fueron muy conocidas sobre todo en los servicios marítimos del Canal de la Mancha. [caption id="attachment_1886" align="aligncenter" width="800"] El fast ferry Jaume II.[/caption] Los nuevos fast ferries están construidos con materiales más ligeros que los ferries convencionales y en su caso el aluminio sustituye al acero. Pueden ser monocascos o catamaranes (de doble casco) y su grupo propulsor es una de las mayores diferencias con el resto de barcos: los hidrojets, en lugar de las clásicas hélices. En este caso es la propia agua en la que navega la que aumenta su presión mediante una bomba y es disparada hacia atrás mediante una tobera que hace avanzar al barco, pudiendo desarrollar altas velocidades. La mayoría de los catamaranes comerciales de gran tamaño se construyen en dos astilleros australianos: Incat y Austal. Los Jaume I, II y III son un producto de Incat; pueden llevar unos 640 pasajeros y 130 vehículos aproximadamente según la configuración. También salió de los astilleros Incat el Pinar del Río, mientras que el Avemar Dos, el catamarán de alta velocidad con mayor capacidad de la flota, es de Austal y puede transportar hasta 855 pasajeros y a 150 vehículos. La excepción a los anteriores es el Nixe, construido en los astilleros de Marinteknik en Singapur y también lo son los nuevos eco fast ferries que han entrado en servicio en las Pitiusas: en este caso son  made in Asturias, concretamente en Gondan, los astilleros de Figueras de Castropol. Estos últimos destacan por su casco construido con poliéster reforzado con fibra de vidrio y por su innovadora proa, que garantiza una mayor fiabilidad y comodidad. [caption id="attachment_1892" align="aligncenter" width="800"] Eco Aqua, el primero de los eco fast ferries de Baleària para la línea Eivissa-Formentera.[/caption] Hay un barco adecuado para cada servicio y los fast ferries de Baleària cumplen una función en las islas y en el Estrecho: ejercen de tren de alta velocidad sobre el mar, al tiempo que los ferries son los grandes transportistas, con enormes bodegas para vehículos y camiones y que hacen de hoteles que unen ciudades de día y de noche.   Por Javier O. Figueiral | @Sr_JOF  
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Morocco's Mediterranean side
Guías de viajes

Morocco's Mediterranean side

  This region is perfect for exploring cities with centuries of history and switching off amid natural landscapes and unspoilt beaches. From Tangier to Nador, here are ten places in northern Morocco to discover by motorhome.   Only a few kilometres separate Spain from Morocco; in less than an hour by ferry from southern mainland Spain, an entire country opens up that is best discovered slowly. The Rif massif dominates this Amazigh region and has shaped a landscape of small, remarkable roads that cross valleys and hug the coastline.   1: The gateway to Morocco Tangier This city is a gateway not only to Morocco but to the African continent. Located at a strategic point on the Strait of Gibraltar, it has Phoenician and Roman roots. The streets of the medina reveal both the Arab past and present, while this architecture mingles with 20th-century buildings dating from the period when Tangier was under international administration. Spanish influence can also be seen, for example in the Cervantes Theatre.   Tangier's ceramics reflect the colour of the sea   2: Views over the Strait Cape Spartel Cape Spartel, ten kilometres from Tangier, offers one of the finest views over the Strait. This is where the Atlantic gives way to the Mediterranean. The lighthouse here was one of the first in the country and has been operating since 1864. It stands within a nature reserve that fills up at weekends with Tangier residents looking to escape the city for a family day out. Nearby are also the Caves of Hercules and the Atlantic beaches of Sidi Kacem and Achakkar where surfing and other water sports can be enjoyed.     3: The Atlantic coast Assilah The narrow white streets of Assilah have become an open-air museum. Murals bring colour to the medina of this small Atlantic town. From the old-city walls you can see the ocean and the town's sandy beaches. It is the perfect place to stop and enjoy some fish.   Assilah's medina is recognised by UNESCO as historic heritage   4: The blue city Chefchaouen Morocco's blue pearl wins over travellers with its maze of lanes on the side of a mountain. The old town is a seemingly endless network of irregular streets lined with small shops selling souvenirs, clothes, food and spices. It is one of the best places to stay overnight and also a great base for enjoying the many walking trails in the region.     5: Switch off in nature Talassemtane National Park This natural park of almost 60,000 hectares is one of the treasures of the Rif Mountains. One of the best places to base yourself is the small village of Akchour, from where several routes set out into this mountainous area on foot or by bike. You can also see Atlas cedar forests and the waterfall named after the village.   Streams and natural pools abound in Talassemtane     6: The White Dove Tetouan Back on the Mediterranean, Tetouan is an essential stop. Its buildings are white, while in the medina this colour mixes with the green of many doorways. The old town is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Tetouan is also known as “the daughter of Granada” because of its Hispano-Moorish architecture. A few kilometres away lies Martil beach, the closest coastal area to the city and a good place to spend the night.   7: Sea and mountains Al Hoceima National Park Following the coastal road from Oued Laou towards Al Hoceima brings you to this national park, a vast landscape of nature and mountains that descend towards the Mediterranean. Between the cliffs and rocky stretches are small hidden beaches and coves such as Taoussarte and Taydiwine. Ospreys can also be seen hunting over these waters.   8: Mediterranean beaches Oued Laou Set between the mountains, the beach and small fishing village of Oued Laou are among the best places to stop, unwind and take a break from the journey. The road from Tetouan is one of the most beautiful in northern Morocco, following the coastline past cliffs and small rocky coves. Several campsites, shops and restaurants can be found near the village.   Green is associated with Paradise in Islam   9: The city on the cliff Al Hoceima This Rif city lies on the coast, surrounded by beaches and home to one of the most important ports in northern Morocco. It stands on an impressive cliff. Between 1994 and 2004, two major earthquakes struck the area, causing more than 500 deaths. It was also one of the centres of resistance to Spanish colonisation. Today, it is one of the most popular places for locals and travellers to spend their summer holidays and enjoy the calm Mediterranean waters.   10: The eastern coast Nador Nador is the final stop and the most important city on Morocco's eastern coast, only a few kilometres from Melilla. The city overlooks the Mar Chica, a saltwater lagoon connected to the sea. Following the road east, you come to the well-known Red Beach, a rocky beach, and the long Ras El-Ma beach, with several kilometres of sand. Close to the Algerian border lies the resort town of Saïdia, where you will find numerous large hotels and restaurants. 


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Mallorca on foot and on two wheels
Guías de viajes

Mallorca on foot and on two wheels

  Mallorca's mild climate and good transport connections have led many walkers and, above all, cyclists to choose the island for their favourite sport. Here are ten routes to get your legs moving, either on foot or without leaving the saddle.   With 1,600 km of secondary roads and 468 km of signposted routes, Mallorca offers the perfect infrastructure for cycle tourism. Its diverse landscape —coastal, urban, rural and mountainous— also makes it ideal for exploring on foot. The experience is even better when the island is quieter, between October and May. 1: Contrasting landscapes along the old railway line The Manacor–Artà greenway This is not a circular route, so you will need to plan the return journey. At just under 30 kilometres, it is relatively easy and lets you enjoy a variety of landscapes without getting off the bike, following the old railway line. Starting east of Manacor, by the time you reach Artà you will have passed through tunnels and old stations and seen rural Mallorca, mountains, Mediterranean woodland and, in the distance, the coastline of s'Illot and Cala Millor. An easier alternative runs from Son Carrió to Son Servera.   2: Culture and the Serra de Tramuntana Valldemossa, Deià and Sóller The Valldemossa Charterhouse, where Chopin stayed, and Sóller's architectural heritage, particularly its Modernist buildings, make these two Serra villages well worth visiting. This road-bike route is for experienced cyclists. From Valldemossa, head to the Monastery of Miramar, founded by Ramon Llull, and Son Marroig, associated with Archduke Ludwig Salvator of Austria. Following the coast, you will reach Deià before descending to Sóller's Orange Valley. The route covers 36 km. 3: Mallorca's highest point, Lluc and the Cúber and Gorg Blau reservoirs Puig Major from Sóller Another demanding route for experienced cyclists, but one that belongs in this top ten because it climbs the island's highest peak. From Sóller, climb to the Monnàber tunnel, around 900 metres long. Roughly 2 km farther on is the military base, where permission must be requested to access Puig Major. From its 1,445-metre summit, you can enjoy some of the island's finest views. Afterwards, descend towards the Lluc Sanctuary, another essential stop, passing the Cúber and Gorg Blau reservoirs. From Coll de Sa Batalla, return to Sóller along the MA-10.   Walking among ancient stones 4: Beaches and natural parks by bike From Cala Egos to Es Trenc This non-circular road-bike route covers around 60 km. It takes in the coast of Santanyí and Campos and some of Mallorca's finest beaches. Starting in Cala Egos, head to Portopetro via Camí des Barranc, passing along the northern edge of Mondragó Natural Park. Continue alongside the torrent d'en Reieta to Santanyí, then cross this attractive town and ride on to Es Llombards, Ses Salines and Colònia de Sant Jordi. There you can leave the bike and, if the weather allows, walk for a while and take a dip in Es Trenc-Salobrar Natural Park or, at the other end, Es Carbó. All are spectacular beaches. 5: Great views of the Serra and the coast Planícia from Esporles This 30 km mountain-bike route is of moderate difficulty. Starting in Esporles, one of the Serra's prettiest villages, head towards Mirador de Mar along the old path that once linked the village with Port de Calonge. The views are spectacular. Return towards the MA-10 to descend towards Banyalbufar, but turn off first towards Planícia. Depending on your energy and available time, you can explore one of the three routes within this public estate. On the return journey, stop at the Es Verger viewpoint before continuing to another beautiful village, Banyalbufar, and from there back to Esporles. 6: Phoenician necropolis beside the beach Son Real The walk through the public estate of Son Real, in the municipality of Santa Margalida, is especially suitable for families. It is only around 2 km long, with no significant climbs or descents, and includes plenty to interest children. There are four possible routes, but the essential one leads to the impressive Punta des Fenicis necropolis, with burials dating from the Iron Age through to Roman times. And while you are there, you can enjoy a swim at the beach next to it.   Sea and mountains in Sóller   7: Family walking and cycling S'Albufera S'Albufera de Mallorca Natural Park, in the north of the island, is ideal for families. There are four routes that can be completed on foot or by bike: Sa Roca, Es Colombars, Es Cibollars and Es Camí d'Enmig-Ses Puntes. The longest, around three hours, is the last of these, but all of them offer the chance to enjoy the park's rich wildlife, particularly its birdlife.   8: One of Mallorca's most photographed horizons Torrent de Pareis There are several routes, some even suitable only for mountaineers, leading to the spectacular mouth of this torrent, one of Mallorca's most photogenic beaches. The classic route is the descent through the gorge from s'Entreforc, where the Gorg Blau reservoir flows out: it takes around 6 hours, covers 5 km and requires experience or a good guide. The easiest family-friendly option is the path beginning at Sa Calobra beach.   9: Ramon Llull's place of contemplation Cura Sanctuary If Ramon Llull chose this as a place for spiritual retreat, there must have been a reason. Our suggested route starts in the village of Randa before climbing to Cura Sanctuary, where the Mallorcan philosopher withdrew in the 13th century and founded his school. Along the way, as well as enjoying impressive views, you will visit the Sant Honorat hermitage and Nostra Senyora de Gràcia Sanctuary. On the final section, along Camí de Bon Pastor, you can see some galleries that were used as ammunition stores during the Spanish Civil War. The only real difficulty is the access to Puig de Son Reus. 10: Refuge for Trappist monks during the French Revolution La Trapa Several paths lead to La Trapa, a monastery founded in 1810 by French Trappist monks who, twenty years after the storming of the Bastille, decided to flee the country. Abandoned only a few years later, the estate was acquired in 1980 by the environmental group GOB to prevent development. The most popular route to La Trapa begins at s'Arracó cemetery. Another route from Sant Elm follows the coastline. A third goes via Coll de Sa Gramola and is a good choice when the rocks are wet. All of them provide exceptional views of the Sa Dragonera islet.   Horses accompany cycle tourists


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